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From “Before the Industrial Revolution” by Carlo M. Cipolla

During the seventeenth century the English came to a full realization of their power. And in vigor lies the seed of aggression. The English brought forward their theory of  Mare Clausum in opposition to the Dutch theory of Mare Liberum. A Swedish diplomat who attempted to mediate between the two nations wrote form London to Queen Christine of Sweden in June 1653 that the English were “intolerably arrogant and it may be that God will punish them for their pride.” But God was busy with other things.